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The primary goal of the journal will be to provide opportunities for business related academicians and professionals from various business related fields in a global realm to publish their paper in one source. The Journal will bring together academicians and professionals from all areas related business fields and related fields to interact with members inside and outside their own particular disciplines. The journal will provide opportunities for publishing researcher's paper as well as providing opportunities to view other's work. All submissions are subject to a double blind peer review process. The journal is a refereed academic journal which publishes the scientific research findings in its field with the ISSN 1553-5827 issued by the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. No Manuscript Will Be Accepted Without the Required Format. All Manuscripts Should Be Professionally Proofread Before the Submission. You can use www.editavenue.com for professional proofreading / editing etc...The journal will meet the quality and integrity requirements of applicable accreditation agencies (AACSB, regional) and journal evaluation organizations to insure our publications provide our authors publication venues that are recognized by their institutions for academic advancement and academically qualified statue. The journal submission guideline can be seen at: submission guideline

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The Integrated Price of Life

Dr. Larissa J. Adamiec, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, IN

ABSTRACT

Inflation has created a lot of challenges for individuals as prices have increased and wages have stagnated. Different goods and services have increased in price at different rates and intensities. This has created additional issues for retail consumers when making purchasing decisions. Consumers have expenses that are considered either essential or non-essential. This paper examines CPI data from the Federal Reserve Bank Data (FRED) database to examine different products retail consumers spend on. The data was selected by timeframe, region, and granularity. The data set was then broken into two sub-sets: essential items and non-essential items. Analysis of each dataset was conducted. The data was then aggregated into its respective sub-sections to determine relationships between essential and non-essential consumer items. Both groups, the essential and non-essential prices of life, generated similar regression results with the overall CPI data. Since 1997, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has been steadily increasing (Kitov, Kitov, 2008). The average rate of return on CPI during this time period was 0.21%, with a standard deviation of 0.30%. Graph 1: CPI Data from 1997 to 2024 demonstrates the long-term price increase from 1997 to 2024. Since 2020, which marks the COVID pandemic, inflation has increased since its long-term average (Chowdhury, Dixon, 2023). Graph 2: CPI Data from 2019 to 2024 demonstrates the relatively shorter time period with an increased rate of return for the CPI. The average rate of return on CPI from 2019 through 2024 was 0.33%, with a standard deviation of 0.32%, demonstrating a higher average rate of return and higher deviations from the mean. Households have felt the economic impact on these inflationary prices of both essential and non-essential goods. As prices have increased during both periods, from 1997 through 2024 and then from 2019 through 2024, households have had to made decisions on how to best utilize their resources (Bernanke 2022). Americans have increased their utilization of consumer debt to balance their consumer needs and wants against rising prices (Horvath, Kay, Wix 2023). Younger Americans have relied more heavily on debt to compensate their spendings against lower wages (Martinchek 2024). Drivers of the economy stem from what household’s supply and what households receive. Households supply labor, capital, natural resources, and entrepreneurship (Chiapporti, 1988 and 1997). The labor households supply comes from both manual labor and intellectual labor (Brennan 2009). The capital households supply stems from excess savings the household have saved, which can then be used as credit for others to expand the economy (Mian, Sufi, Verner, 2020). The natural resources provided by households include land, which is available to firms for development Gylfason, Thorvaldur, Zoega 2006). The last item that households supply is entrepreneurship (Vial, Virginie, Hanoteau 2015). The supply of households is seen in Figure 1: Drivers of the Economy. Households are rewarded for what they provide to firms and the overall economy. Households receive wages for their supply of both manual and intellectual labor (Polaski 2008). When households supply capital to the economy, they receive interest as compensation (Campbell 2006). Households are able to supply natural resources such as land which the household owns. This resource is compensated through rents that the firm or society provides (Wadho 2014). Finally, when households provide entrepreneurship to the overall economy, the household will receive profits (Cagetti, DeNardi 2006). The compensation of households is seen in Figure 1: Drivers of the Economy. These drivers help increase the overall productivity of the economy, which expands the overall economy (Rahman, Mafizur, Alam 2021). A disruption in any of these factors will slow the overall economic output (Santos 2006). COVID presents numerous problems in the overall economy, starting with the overall shutdown, which forces many households not to provide labor (Boelig, Manuck, Oliver, Mascio 2020). The reduction in the labor force created a systemic reduction of the flow of supplied resources (Nagurney 2021).

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Brain Functioning: An Exploration of the Human Brain & Its Influences on

Instructional Design and Practice

Dr. Ashley Werdann, Saint Leo University, FL

ABSTRACT

This paper delves into the intricate workings of the human brain and examines how its functioning influences instructional design and educational practices. By exploring the latest neuroscientific research, the paper targets to uncover the cognitive processes that reinforce learning and memory. The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding brain-based mechanisms to create effective instructional strategies that cater to diverse learning needs. Key subject matters include neural plasticity, the role of emotions and learning, and the impact of environmental factors on cognitive development. The findings underscore the necessity for educators to integrate “brain-friendly” approaches in their teaching methodologies to enhance student engagement and academic performance. According to Sousa (2017), the human brain plays an important role in instructional design and practice because an educator’s ability to understand how the brain functions can significantly improve the effectiveness of learning experiences. Neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to restructure itself through the formation of new neural connections, means that learning experiences can reconfigure the brain, strengthening its adaptability and efficiency (Riccardi, 2023). Cognitive science demonstrates that memory and attention are vital for learning. Khalil and Elkhider (2016) assert techniques such as spaced repetition and active recall can improve retention and promote memorable learning experiences. Comparably, emotions play a significant role in learning. Linnenbrink-Garcia et al. (2016) maintain that positive emotions can augment engagement and retention, while stress can block knowledge acquisition. However, the brain requires particular conditions to learn effectively. Rushton and Larking (2001) argue that optimal learning conditions for the brain include a stimulating environment, opportunities for physical movement, and breaks to prevent cognitive overload. By understanding how different brains process information, instructional designers and educators can create more personalized and effective learning experiences (Sousa, 2017). Knowing how the brain responds to rewards and positive reinforcement can assist in designing activities that increase learner engagement and motivation (Radke et al., 2016). Additionally, Blackley et al. (2021) claim that instructional design can be optimized to reduce cognitive load, allowing learners reasonable time to process and retain information. Designing learning environments that are “brain-friendly” by means of varied teaching methods, incorporating multimedia, and ensuring the learning environment is conducive to focus and creativity, according to Sloan et al. (2006), can lead to better outcomes. In fact, by leveraging perceptions from neuroscience and cognitive science, instructional designers and educators can create more effective, engaging, and personalized learning experiences that satisfy the different ways in which the human brain learns and processes information. The frontal lobes, one of the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex, are located at the front of the human brain, just behind the forehead (Sousa, 2017). AlShorman et al. (2022) state the frontal lobes are responsible for a variety of different functions, including executive functions such as planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and controlling behavior, in addition to motor functions, speech production, emotional regulation, and attention and concentration. These functions make the frontal lobes essential for several aspects of daily life and overall cognitive ability.

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Business Analytics for Financial Decisions

Dr. Mohammed R. Ahmed, Webster University, FL

Dr. Betty E. Ahmed, Liberty University, VA

ABSTRACT

Business Analytics is the analysis of data to determine the business performance and make value-based decisions. The variables included in business analytics are data related to business decisions, the process model that transforms input to output, and technology needed for extracting, manipulating, and sharing findings in a useful format with the managers for decision making. The growth in digital technology has created a competitive race between information technology firms, and new technologies are introduced for business analytics and marketed based on technological advances. Business clients are not always aware that new technologies and developers alone cannot improve analytics because it involves an analytical process, data, and technology. A combination of variables enables business analytics to generate the information managers need to make value-based decisions. There is a gap between technological growth and the complexity of managerial decision-making for creating shareholder value. When there is such a gap, the new technologies increase the cost without increasing the benefits from using the newer business analytics technologies. The research shows that business analytics is not just a technology, but a system that involves several variables needed for business decisions. These should be designed based on the nature of the industry and the business's size, and no one system fits all the business’s needs. They are also intended to assist functional and corporate managers in accomplishing their short-term and long-term goals. Business analytics involves cost, and there must be a balance between the costs and benefits of using technology in decision-making. In this paper, the focus is on one of the functional areas, which is finance. It will include the key financial decisions in which managers could use business analytics to improve the company’s performance and create shareholder value. The purpose of the paper is to explain how business analytics is used in making value-based business and management decisions. The manager's goal is to create wealth for the shareholder or maximize the shareholder’s wealth. The wealth can be maximized if management has access and knows how to use analytical tools for manipulating data and information needed for decision making. In the digital age, technology is changing rapidly, and the technology sector is introducing new analytical tools to compete for the market share. Managers need business analytics tools, related data, and decision-related analytical models and tools to be competitive. Business analytics should focus on optimizing the decision-making process by variable-specific business rather than a broad understanding of business needs. Business analytics is not a new field. Since the onset of trade, managers have recognized the importance of data collection, recording, and analysis for decision-making. In earlier times, paper and pencil were used for collecting, recording, analyzing, and reviewing data. The difference in the digital age is that we utilize technology to collect, store, and manipulate data, using analytics to make informed decisions. As business evolved, key subfunctions became apparent, including finance, marketing, human resources, and operations management. The arrival of computers in the 1960s, alongside the advent of the microprocessor, brought computing technology into the business realm. Today, technology is one of a business's essential functions, as we rely on finance, marketing, human resources, operations, and data analysis technologies to make management decisions.

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